Matter & Energy
Learning Targets Matter
1. I can classify matter as either a pure substance (element or compound) or a mixture.
2. I can differentiate substances as having definite and constant composition while proportions of mixtures may vary.
3. I can restate the Law of Conservation of Matter to state that matter cannot be created or destroyed – only transferred in a system (whatever is on the left side of the equation must equal what is on the right side of the equation).
4. I can identify compounds as two or more elements chemically combined that can be broken down (H2O, NH3).
5. I understand that elements cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means (Ar, C, Na).
6. I comprehend that elements, compounds and solutions are homogeneous meaning that the composition is uniform throughout.
7. I understand that mixtures can also be heterogeneous meaning that the composition is not uniform throughout (ex: salad, chex mix, soil).
8. I can differentiate between a physical change (when particles are rearranged but still the same H2O(s) and H2O(l) and a chemical change (when particles are rearranged to form new products 2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2(H2O)(l).
9. I can name phase changes:
s to l = fusion/melting l to s = solidification/freezing
l to g = vaporization/evaporation g to l = condensation
s to g = sublimation g to s = deposition
10. I can identify different ways to physically separate mixtures such as filtration, distillation and chromatography.
Learning Targets Energy
1. I can classify matter as either a pure substance (element or compound) or a mixture.
2. I can differentiate substances as having definite and constant composition while proportions of mixtures may vary.
3. I can restate the Law of Conservation of Matter to state that matter cannot be created or destroyed – only transferred in a system (whatever is on the left side of the equation must equal what is on the right side of the equation).
4. I can identify compounds as two or more elements chemically combined that can be broken down (H2O, NH3).
5. I understand that elements cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means (Ar, C, Na).
6. I comprehend that elements, compounds and solutions are homogeneous meaning that the composition is uniform throughout.
7. I understand that mixtures can also be heterogeneous meaning that the composition is not uniform throughout (ex: salad, chex mix, soil).
8. I can differentiate between a physical change (when particles are rearranged but still the same H2O(s) and H2O(l) and a chemical change (when particles are rearranged to form new products 2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2(H2O)(l).
9. I can name phase changes:
s to l = fusion/melting l to s = solidification/freezing
l to g = vaporization/evaporation g to l = condensation
s to g = sublimation g to s = deposition
10. I can identify different ways to physically separate mixtures such as filtration, distillation and chromatography.
Learning Targets Energy
- I can define temperature as the average Kinetic Energy in a system.
- I can extend that definition to highest temperature = highest KE = fastest moving particles.
- I can differentiate between Kinetic Energy (energy of motion) and Potential Energy (stored energy – distance between particles).
- I can identify types of energy as: CEMENT (Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical, Electromagnetic, Nuclear, Thermal).
- I can comprehend that heat (thermal energy) is always transferred from high temperature to low temperature.
- I can restate the Law of Conservation of Energy to state that energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred in a system (ex: electrical energy can be transferred to thermal energy when a heater is plugged into the wall).
- I can use a heating or cooling curve to explain the difference in potential energy and kinetic energy during phase changes.
- If the temperature is not changing the KE is not changing, all energy is going into the phase change.
- If the temperature is changing the KE is changing which means that the energy is going in to speed up (or slow down) the particles.
- ONLY ONE ENERGY CAN MOVE AT A TIME.
- I can use the heat formulas to calculate the amount of energy absorbed (endothermic) or released (exothermic) in reaction.
- q=mC∆T can be used only if there is a change in temperature (KE is changing)
- q=mHf can only be used during the s-l phase changes
- q=mHv can only be used during the l-g phase changes
